MPEG

MPEG-TS or TS and MPEG-PS or PS are digital container format.

I-picture: intra-coded picture that does not need additional information to be decoded

P-picture: picture predicted from an earlier I-picture or P-picture

B-picture: picture bidirectionally predicted from earlier and/or later I-picture or P-pictures

MPEG-1 Audio layer 1: audio bit stream

MPEG-1 Audio layer 2: audio bit stream

MPEG-1 Audio layer 3: audio bit stream

MPEG-2 BC (Backward compatible)

MPEG-2 AAC

MPEG-4 Audio

AC-3

MPEG-1

MPEG-2

MPEG-4

MPEG-7/MXF: metadata

MPEG-21

Glossary

Elementary Stream	ES	Bitstream raw output of a video or audio encoder
Packetized Elementary Stream	PES	Carry ES with a header that contains PTS, DTS
Program Stream	PS	For error-free medium (e.g. optical and hard disks) Variable-length PES 1 video PES + n audio PES Common Clock
Transport Stream	TS	For transmission and digital broadcasting PES packet: fixed-sized 184 bytes TS packet: fixed-sized 188 bytes TS packet header: minimum 4 bytes (without adaptation) added to the PES packet (PID, continuity counter, PCR) Multiple PS can be multiplexed with different clocks (PCR) Metadata: PAT, PMT
Single Program Transport Stream	SPTS	1 PCR channel that recreates 1 program clock for both audio and video
Multiple Program Transport Stream	MPTS	Contains control information (Signaling SI) requires to coordinate the entire transmission such as EPG
Electronic Program Guide	EPG
Program Association Table	PAT	Lists every programs in the TS Each entry points to a program-specific PMT PID=0 First Entry of PAT: program 0 is for network data (PID of NIT)
Network Information Table	NIT
Conditional Access Table	CAT	PID=1 Necessary of the program is encrypted Contains PIDs for ECM and EMM
Entitlement Control Messages	ECM
Entitlement Management Messages	EMM
Transport Stream Description Table	TSDT	PID=2
Program Map Table	PMT	Each entry lists ESs for a given program
Program Specific Information	PSI
Program Identifier Code Packet Identification Code	PID	13-bit Packets in the same ES all have the same PID TS Packet header NULL packet = 8191= 0b1111111111111
Program Clock Reference	PCR	27MHz resolution Bitstream timing PCR for each program in a TS
System Clock Reference	SCR	27MHz resolution Bitstream timing
Presentation Timestamp	PTS	Use to achieve synchronization of separate ES 90KHz resolution / 33 bits In the PES header Divide PCR by 300 They must not be more than 700 ms apart in the PS or TS
Decode Timestamp	DTS	Only for video PES

Resource

https://download.tek.com/document/25W-11418-10.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_program_stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_timestamp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio-to-video_synchronization
https://bitmovin.com/fun-with-container-formats-3/