MPEG

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MPEG-TS or TS and MPEG-PS or PS are digital container format.

Glossary

Elementary Stream ES
  • Bitstream output of a video or audio encoder
Packetized Elementary Stream PES
  • Carry ES with a header that contains PTS, DTS
Program Stream PS
  • For error-free medium (e.g. optical and hard disks)
  • Variable-length PES
  • 1 video PES + n audio PES
  • Common Clock
Transport Stream TS
  • For transmission and digital broadcasting
  • Fixed-sized packet PES (188 bytes)
  • Multiple PS can be multiplexed with different clocks (PCR)
  • Metadata: PAT, PMT
Single Program Transport Stream SPTS
Program Association Table PAT
  • Lists every programs in the TS
  • Each entry points to a PMT
Program Map Table PMT
  • Each entry lists for each program the list of ES
Program Identifier Code PID
  • Packets in the same ES all have the same PID
Program Clock Reference PCR
  • 27MHz resolution
  • Bitstream timing
  • PCR for each program in a TS
System Clock Reference SCR
  • 27MHz resolution
  • Bitstream timing
Presentation Timestamp PTS
  • Use to achieve synchronization of separate ES
  • 90KHz resolution
  • In the PES header
DTS

Resource

https://download.tek.com/document/25W-11418-10.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_program_stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_timestamp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio-to-video_synchronization
https://bitmovin.com/fun-with-container-formats-3/